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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
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Hepatobiliary dysfunction in Type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Piyush Manoria1, Sameer Inamdar2, Ravindra Kumar3

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|February 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetics have a higher prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gallstones. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and elevated liver enzymes are independent risk factors for NAFLD.

Keywords:
DyslipidemiaType-2 diabetes mellitusfatty livergallstonenonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gallstones are common in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
  • The prevalence of these conditions and their risk factors in India remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hepatobiliary involvement, specifically NAFLD and gallstones, in Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in India.
  • To identify associated risk factors for NAFLD in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 200 T2DM patients and 200 controls.
  • Data collection included anthropometric measurements, abdominal ultrasonography (USG), and biochemical tests.
  • Statistical analyses employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • NAFLD was significantly more prevalent in diabetics (65%) compared to controls (23.5%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.046.
  • Gallstones were also more common in diabetics (16%) than controls (5%) (OR = 2.825).
  • Independent risk factors for NAFLD included T2DM, elevated liver enzymes, obesity, and increased waist circumference (WC).

Conclusions:

  • Diabetics exhibit a higher prevalence of NAFLD and gallstones compared to the non-diabetic population.
  • T2DM, elevated liver enzymes, obesity, and increased WC are identified as independent predictors of NAFLD.