Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026
10:30
A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Published on: May 16, 2015
20.3K
Diffusion pseudonormalization and clinical outcome in term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Katsumi Hayakawa1,2, Sachiko Koshino3, Koichi Tanda4
1Department of Radiology, Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, 15-749 Hon-machi, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-0981, Japan. hayakawakatsumi2006@yahoo.co.jp.
Pediatric Radiology
|February 9, 2018
Summary
Pseudonormalization negativity on diffusion-weighted imaging in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) may predict severe brain injury. The second-week MRI is crucial for assessing this imaging finding and predicting clinical outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Neurology
- Neuroimaging
- Pediatric Radiology
Background:
- Pseudonormalization on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) can mask brain injury.
- Identifying neonates with pseudonormalization negativity is critical for accurate HIE assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between pseudonormalization negativity on DWI and clinical outcomes in neonates with HIE.
- To determine the predictive value of second-week MRI findings for long-term disability.
Main Methods:
- Seventeen term neonates with moderate to severe HIE received therapeutic hypothermia.
- Serial MRIs, including DWI, were performed at 3 and 10 days of age.
- Diffusion-weighted imaging findings and pseudonormalization status were correlated with clinical outcomes.
Main Results:
- Among 10 neonates with abnormal DWI, 8 showed pseudonormalization negativity.
- Neonates with pseudonormalization positivity had no major disability.
- Eight of nine neonates with pseudonormalization negativity experienced major disability.
Conclusions:
- Pseudonormalization negativity on DWI may indicate severe brain injury in HIE.
- Second-week MRI is essential for evaluating pseudonormalization and predicting disability in HIE.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Diffusion
222.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
222.3K
01:21Diffusion
6.7K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.7K
02:24Predicting Reaction Outcomes
11.0K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
11.0K
01:13Outcomes of Glycolysis
107.8K
Nearly all the energy used by cells comes from the bonds that make up complex organic compounds. These organic compounds are broken down into simpler molecules, such as glucose. As a result, cells extract energy from glucose over many chemical reactions—a process called cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
107.8K
01:05Long-term Depression
33.4K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.4K
01:16Facilitated Diffusion
1.4K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.4K