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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
Published on: July 8, 2025
Gastrodin Suppresses Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Progression by Modulating Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish
Meng Jin1,2, Qiuxia He1,2, Shanshan Zhang1,2
1Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in Zebrafish models are now widely accepted for investigating human disease epilepsy. In epilepsy, the generation of oxidative stress contributes to the brain injury. Although Gastrodin (GAS) has been reported to have anticonvulsant activities, its effects on zebrafish seizure models and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GAS pretreatment on PTZ-induced seizures in zebrafish larvae and investigated the underlying mechanism related to its anti-oxidative defense. We found for the first time that GAS significantly decreased seizure-like behavior and extended the latency period to the onset of seizures. In addition, after exposure to GAS, anti-oxidative activity was observed in PTZ-induced seizures by measurement of antioxidant enzymes activities and oxidative stress-related genes expression. The overall results indicate that GAS attenuates PTZ-induced seizures in a concentration-dependent manner and modulates oxidative stress to potentially protect larval zebrafish from further seizures. Furthermore, our results have provided novel insights into GAS related therapy of seizures and associated neurological disorders.
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