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Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Causing Spontaneous Compressive Hemorrhage.

Jean-Thomas Bachelet1, Moncef Berhouma, Hristo Shipkov

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Orbital cavernous hemangiomas, common adult tumors, can cause sudden vision loss due to hemorrhage. This review details their management and outcomes based on a literature analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Vascular Tumors

Background:

  • Cavernous hemangiomas are the most frequent orbital tumors in adults, often located in the posterior cone.
  • These benign vascular malformations are typically discovered incidentally or present with progressive exophthalmia.
  • Hemorrhage from orbital cavernous hemangiomas can lead to acute visual impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on retro-orbital cavernous hemangiomas presenting with spontaneous compressional hemorrhage.
  • To analyze patient cases and outcomes associated with this rare presentation.
  • To provide insights into the management and evolution of these tumors.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed.
  • The review focused on patients diagnosed with retro-orbital cavernous hemangioma and associated hemorrhage between 1984 and 2017.
  • Case reports illustrating the clinical presentation and management were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A case of sudden visual acuity decrease due to orbital cavernous hemangioma hemorrhage is presented.
  • The review identified and analyzed various patient outcomes related to spontaneous hemorrhage.
  • Management strategies and their effectiveness were detailed across the reviewed cases.

Conclusions:

  • Retro-orbital cavernous hemangiomas can present with spontaneous hemorrhage, leading to significant visual deficits.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preserving visual function.
  • Further research into optimal treatment strategies for hemorrhagic orbital cavernous hemangiomas is warranted.