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Related Concept Videos

Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

132.5K
Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding...
132.5K
Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.9K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.9K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

132.5K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
132.5K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

18.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
18.0K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.3K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.3K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.4K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.4K

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Related Experiment Video

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Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors
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Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

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Robust Ionic Current Sensor for Bacterial Cell Size Detection.

Hirotoshi Yasaki, Taisuke Shimada, Takao Yasui1

  • 1Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama , 332-0012 , Japan.

ACS Sensors
|February 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new portable ionic current sensor (Robust-ICS) offers robust, on-site detection of bacteria and other particles. Its high signal-to-noise ratio enables accurate measurements even in noisy environments.

Keywords:
bacteriabridge circuitionic current sensingmicroporerobust sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biosensing
  • Particle detection

Background:

  • Ionic current sensing is effective for detecting sub- to several-micron particles like bacteria.
  • Conventional devices lack the robustness for on-site measurements due to limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a portable and robust ionic current sensor (Robust-ICS) for on-site particle detection.
  • To enhance signal-to-noise ratio and enable measurements in electromagnetically noisy conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a bridge circuit design to suppress background current and improve signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Incorporated a lightweight electromagnetic shield for noise tolerance.
  • Developed a device weighing under 4 kg for portability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high signal-to-noise ratio by suppressing background current.
  • Enabled successful outdoor particle detection measurements.
  • Demonstrated accuracy in Staphylococcus aureus size detection comparable to SEM imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The portable Robust-ICS is suitable for on-site detection of sub- to several-micron particles.
  • The sensor's robustness and high S/N ratio allow for measurements in challenging environments.
  • This technology offers a viable alternative for real-time bacterial detection.