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Researchers detected a unique nonlinear optical signal in cuprates, revealing hidden electronic orders like superfluid stripes. This finding, observed above the critical temperature, suggests a pair density wave condensate.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Unconventional superconductivity in cuprates is often intertwined with other electronic orders.
  • Symmetry in some electronic orders makes them undetectable by conventional experimental methods like linear optics.
  • Superfluid stripes, a potential electronic order, are difficult to validate due to symmetry-induced vanishing of interlayer tunneling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using nonlinear optical response to detect symmetry-hidden electronic orders.
  • To probe the nature of electronic order in cuprates above the superconducting transition temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of nonlinear optical response, specifically terahertz third harmonic generation.
  • Experimental investigation of La1.885Ba0.115CuO4 samples.
  • Theoretical modeling based on the hypothesis of a pair density wave condensate.

Main Results:

  • A significant terahertz third harmonic signal, indicative of nonlinear Josephson tunneling, was observed in La1.885Ba0.115CuO4.
  • This nonlinear optical signal persisted above the superconducting transition temperature (Tc = 13 K) up to the charge-ordering temperature (Tco = 55 K).
  • The results are consistent with a model of a pair density wave condensate.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear optical techniques can overcome the limitations of linear optics in detecting symmetry-hidden electronic orders.
  • The observed nonlinear response supports the existence of a pair density wave condensate in cuprates.
  • This condensate facilitates nonlinear mixing of tunneling modes, driving supercurrents.