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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Rat Model of Photochemically-Induced Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
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Tacrolimus Optic Neuropathy.

Nailyn Rasool1, Katherine Boudreault, Simmons Lessell

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology (NR), Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York; Deartment of Ophthalmology (KB), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology (SL, DMC), Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Ophthalmology (SP), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
|February 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tacrolimus (FK506) optic neuropathy is a rare but severe complication of immunosuppression. This condition can lead to significant vision loss and presents with varied clinical and radiologic findings.

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Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunosuppression Therapy
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Tacrolimus (FK506) is a potent immunosuppressant crucial for preventing organ transplant rejection.
  • It functions by inhibiting cytokine synthesis and impeding T-cell proliferation.
  • While effective, tacrolimus can exhibit toxicity, with optic neuropathy being a rare but serious adverse effect.

Observation:

  • This study details three cases of tacrolimus-induced optic neuropathy following bone marrow transplantation.
  • These cases were complicated by graft-vs-host disease, a common post-transplant complication.
  • The patients exhibited diverse clinical symptoms and radiological findings suggestive of toxic optic neuropathy.

Findings:

  • Tacrolimus optic neuropathy presents with varied clinical manifestations.
  • Radiological imaging can reveal specific patterns associated with this toxicity.
  • The severity of vision loss can be substantial.

Implications:

  • Early recognition of tacrolimus optic neuropathy is critical for preserving vision.
  • Understanding the diverse presentations aids in timely diagnosis and management.
  • This highlights the importance of monitoring visual function in patients receiving tacrolimus therapy.