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Experimental observation of Bethe strings.

Zhe Wang1,2, Jianda Wu3, Wang Yang3

  • 1Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.

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Researchers experimentally identified elusive string states in quantum magnets using terahertz spectroscopy. These complex magnetic excitations, predicted a century ago, govern quantum spin dynamics near quantum criticality.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Magnetism
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • String states, complex bound states of magnetic excitations, were theoretically predicted in 1D quantum magnets nearly a century ago.
  • Experimental realization and identification of these string states in condensed matter systems have remained a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize and identify string states in a condensed-matter system.
  • To investigate the behavior and characteristics of string states in the quantum-critical regime.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy.
  • Studied the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg-Ising chain SrCo2V2O8 under strong longitudinal magnetic fields.
  • Employed the Bethe ansatz for theoretical description and validation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully resolved string states and fractional magnetic excitations in SrCo2V2O8.
  • Demonstrated that these excitations are accurately described by the Bethe ansatz.
  • Observed that string excitations dominate quantum spin dynamics near quantum criticality, while fractional excitations reflect low-energy antiferromagnetic fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental identification of string states validates long-standing theoretical predictions in quantum magnetism.
  • String and fractional excitations play crucial roles in governing quantum spin dynamics and fluctuations near quantum criticality.
  • This work has broad implications for understanding complex many-body systems, with potential applications in cold atoms and string theory.