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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames
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GCevobase: an evolution-based database for GC content in eukaryotic genomes.

Dapeng Wang1

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|February 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

GCevobase is a new repository analyzing genome composition, including GC content, across 1118 eukaryotic species. It reveals evolutionary patterns and genomic feature correlations, aiding the study of genome evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Understanding genome composition, particularly GC content, is crucial for deciphering evolutionary mechanisms.
  • GC content variations are linked to genomic processes like replication, transcription, and recombination, showing phylogenetic contrasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop GCevobase, a comprehensive repository for genome composition and size data.
  • To analyze GC content variations and their correlations with genomic features across diverse eukaryotic species.

Main Methods:

  • Collected and curated data from 1118 eukaryotic genomes across five major clades.
  • Structured data taxonomically and analyzed GC content at various levels (genome, gene, codon positions, degenerate sites).
  • Visualized statistical measurements and evolutionary pathways using graphs, considering orthologs and paralogs.

Main Results:

  • GCevobase provides a structured dataset for 1118 genomes, including compositional and size data.
  • The repository visualizes GC content patterns, correlations with genomic features, and evolutionary trajectories.
  • Data is organized taxonomically and includes links for inter-genome data communication and raw data download.

Conclusions:

  • GCevobase offers a valuable resource for studying the evolution of genome composition.
  • The repository facilitates research into the functional relevance of GC content variations across eukaryotes.