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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
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Composite Bodies00:55

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A composite body is a body made up of multiple parts, connected to form a larger, unified object. Each part has its own weight and center of gravity, which must be considered to determine the center of gravity of the composite body. In cases where the density or specific weight is constant, the center of gravity coincides with the centroid.
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Composition of Blood01:22

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The blood in our bodies comprises three major components: blood plasma, formed elements, and the extracellular matrix. Blood plasma is a yellowish fluid that constitutes 55% of the total blood volume. It is primarily made up of water and essential substances such as electrolytes and proteins. Blood plasma serves as a medium for transporting blood cells and also contains nutrients, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and gases.
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Composition of Body Fluids01:29

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Water functions as a solvent accommodating various solutes, which can be categorized under electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Non-electrolytes are usually held together by covalent bonds, restricting them from dissociating in solution, thereby leading to a lack of electrically charged components upon dissolving in water. They are predominantly organic molecules, such as glucose, creatinine, and urea. Electrolytes, on the other hand, are compounds that can break down into ions in water.
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Moments of Inertia for Composite Areas01:20

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Composite areas are structures with multiple basic shapes connected in some way. These shapes usually include rectangles, triangles, circles, and other basic shapes that are connected in such a way as to form a single structure. Calculating the second moment of area for a composite area is essential when trying to understand the structure's overall stiffness.
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Blood plasma is a fluid that contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. The solutes include various types of proteins, which constitute about 7% of the total solutes in the plasma. The high-molecular-weight proteins—albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen—are essential to plasma function. Albumins, making up about 60% of the plasma proteins, maintain the osmotic balance within blood vessels by preventing excessive water leakage. Additionally, albumins serve as carrier proteins,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Facile Preparation of Ultrafine Aluminum Hydroxide Particles with or without Mesoporous MCM-41 in Ambient Environments
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Cd sequestration by bacteria-aluminum hydroxide composites.

Huihui Du1, Qiaoyun Huang2, Ruijia Yang3

  • 1College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Safe and High-Efficient Utilization of Heavy Metal Pollution Farmland, Changsha 410128, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.

Chemosphere
|February 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbe-associated aluminum hydroxides enhance trace metal adsorption in soils and sediments. This interaction is key to understanding metal cycling in microbe-rich geological environments.

Keywords:
Aluminum hydroxideBacteriaCdCompositeSorption

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
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Experimental Column Setup for Studying Anaerobic Biogeochemical Interactions Between Iron OxyHydroxides, Trace Elements, and Bacteria
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Experimental Column Setup for Studying Anaerobic Biogeochemical Interactions Between Iron OxyHydroxides, Trace Elements, and Bacteria
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Microbe-associated aluminum (Al) hydroxides are natural composites in aquatic and geologic settings.
  • These organo-mineral composites may sequester trace metals, but the mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and metal adsorption properties of synthesized Al hydroxide-Pseudomonas putida composites.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of trace metal sequestration by these organo-mineral composites.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized Al hydroxide-Pseudomonas putida composites via co-precipitation.
  • Utilized morphological and ATR-FTIR analysis to characterize composites.
  • Employed extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) to determine metal sorption mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Nano-sized Al hydroxides were observed attached to bacterial surfaces.
  • Composites showed enhanced metal adsorption compared to pure Al hydroxide at pH < 6.
  • Cd sorption on bacteria-dominated composites was non-additive, indicating complex interactions beyond site blockage.

Conclusions:

  • Microbe-associated Al hydroxides play a significant role in trace metal sequestration.
  • Bacterial surface charge modification is a key factor in non-additive metal sorption.
  • Findings have implications for Al and trace metal cycling in natural environments.