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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

279
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
279
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

334
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
334
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

251
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
251
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

316
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
316

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Pediatric Ureteroscopy.

Michael C Ost1, Patrick J Fox2

  • 11 West Virginia Medicine Children's, Morgantown, West Virginia.

Journal of Endourology
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is rising, increasing the need for effective pediatric stone treatments. Ureteroscopy is now a frequently used surgical option for children

Keywords:
pediatricsrenal stoneureteroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Surgical Endoscopy

Background:

  • Increasing incidence of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) in children.
  • Growing emphasis on surgical management for pediatric stones.
  • Historical preference for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in pediatric stone treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the shift in pediatric stone management.
  • To discuss the increasing utilization of ureteroscopy in pediatric patients.
  • To explore the application of ureteroscopy for various stone locations in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent trends in pediatric nephrolithiasis management.
  • Analysis of the adaptation and application of ureteroscopy in pediatric urology.
  • Comparison of ureteroscopy with previous management techniques.

Main Results:

  • Ureteroscopy has become a more frequently utilized approach for pediatric stones.
  • This endoscopic technique is now employed for lower, proximal ureteral, and renal stones.
  • Advances in endoscopy have facilitated the adaptation of ureteroscopy for pediatric use.

Conclusions:

  • Ureteroscopy represents a significant advancement in the surgical management of pediatric nephrolithiasis.
  • The versatility of ureteroscopy makes it suitable for a wide range of stone burdens and locations in children.
  • This technique is increasingly preferred over traditional methods for treating kidney stones in the pediatric population.