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Merkel Cell Carcinoma in a Steer.

A P P Teh1, U Z Izzati1, N V Diep1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, Miyazaki, Japan.

Journal of Comparative Pathology
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study reports the first diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare neuroendocrine tumor, in cattle. The aggressive cancer presented as skin masses and lung metastases in a young steer.

Keywords:
Merkel cell carcinomaadrenocorticotropic hormonenestinsteer

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Oncology
  • Comparative Medicine

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor primarily documented in humans, dogs, and cats.
  • Previous literature has not reported MCC in cattle, making this case unique.

Observation:

  • A 20-month-old Japanese black steer presented with necrotic skin masses and a large subcutaneous abdominal mass.
  • Necropsy revealed multiple solid white nodular masses in the lungs, indicating metastasis.

Findings:

  • Microscopic examination showed characteristic features of MCC, including tumor cell morphology and arrangement.
  • Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis, with positive staining for cytokeratins (CK20, CKAE1/3) and neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, nestin, ACTH, calcitonin).
  • Ultrastructural analysis revealed sparse neurosecretory granules and abundant glycogen pools within the tumor cells.

Implications:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of Merkel cell carcinoma in cattle.
  • The findings expand the known host range for this aggressive malignancy.
  • Highlights the importance of considering MCC in differential diagnoses for cutaneous and metastatic tumors in cattle.