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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.6K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves01:19

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Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

79.5K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Related Experiment Video

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Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
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Ultrafast ion sieving using nanoporous polymeric membranes.

Pengfei Wang1, Mao Wang1, Feng Liu2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Nature Communications
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New nanoporous polymer membranes offer an excellent balance between ion selectivity and permeability. These advanced materials overcome previous limitations in water filtration and chemical separation applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoporous membranes are crucial for water filtration and chemical separation.
  • A key challenge is balancing membrane selectivity with permeability.
  • Existing membranes often struggle to achieve both high selectivity and high permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop nanoporous polymer membranes with an improved balance of ion selectivity and permeability.
  • To investigate the structural and chemical properties influencing membrane performance.
  • To demonstrate a novel fabrication method for high-performance membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of nanoporous membranes from polyethylene terephthalate films using GeV heavy ion irradiation and UV exposure.
  • Ion transport experiments to measure K+ ion flux and selectivity.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations employing a polymeric nanopore model.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high transport rate of K+ ions (up to 14 mol h-1 m-2).
  • Demonstrated high selectivity for alkali metal ions over heavy metal ions (>500).
  • Identified nanopore radius (~0.5 nm) and density (up to 5 × 10^10 cm-2) as key to high permeability.
  • Attributed selectivity to interactions between ions and negatively charged pore walls.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanoporous polymer membranes exhibit a superior balance of ion selectivity and permeability.
  • The fabrication method offers a promising route for advanced separation technologies.
  • Understanding ion-pore interactions is critical for designing next-generation membranes.