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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion
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The Complement System in Dialysis: A Forgotten Story?

Felix Poppelaars1, Bernardo Faria1,2,3, Mariana Gaya da Costa1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Immunology
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting the complement system in dialysis offers a promising strategy to improve patient outcomes. Research highlights the need to explore when and how to best inhibit complement activation during hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Keywords:
complementdialysishemodialysiskidneyperitoneal dialysis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The complement system plays a crucial role in kidney function and disease.
  • Complement activation during dialysis (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) is a long-standing issue impacting biocompatibility.
  • Recent advances in complement inhibition therapeutics have renewed interest in targeting this system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the complement system in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  • To summarize existing findings on complement activation during dialysis.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of complement inhibition in dialysis patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of previous findings on complement system activation in nephrology and dialysis.
  • Analysis of short-term and long-term effects of complement activation in dialysis.
  • Discussion of current and future therapeutic strategies involving complement inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Complement activation during dialysis promotes inflammation and coagulation.
  • Long-term dialysis complications like infection, fibrosis, and cardiovascular events are linked to complement.
  • Despite progress in biocompatibility, complement activation remains a relevant issue in HD and PD.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibiting the complement system in dialysis could enhance biocompatibility, efficacy, and long-term patient outcomes.
  • The focus is shifting from whether to inhibit complement to when and how to implement these interventions.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to optimize complement-targeting therapies in dialysis.