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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Sequences01:29

Sequences

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Sequences are fundamental mathematical objects consisting of ordered lists of numbers that follow a specific rule or pattern. Sequences are critical in various mathematical concepts, including calculus, series, and number theory. They can model real-world phenomena such as population growth, financial investments, and physical processes like the diminishing height of a bouncing ball.Each number in a sequence is referred to as a term. Typically, the terms are denoted as a1, a2, a3,…, where...
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Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Arithmetic Sequences01:30

Arithmetic Sequences

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An arithmetic sequence is a structured arrangement of numbers where each term is derived by adding a constant value, known as the common difference, to the previous term. This consistent pattern allows for the efficient computation of any term within the sequence as well as the cumulative sum of multiple terms. The formula for finding the nth term of an arithmetic sequence is:Here, aₙ represents the nth term of the sequence, a is the first term, d is the common difference, and n is the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

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In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

A Method for Targeted 16S Sequencing of Human Milk Samples
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Microbiome Sequencing Methods for Studying Human Diseases.

Rebecca M Davidson1, L Elaine Epperson2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Research, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA. DavidsonR@NJHealth.org.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome, comprising diverse bacterial communities, significantly impacts health and disease. This guide details 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing for microbiome profiling in human disease research.

Keywords:
16S rDNA16S rRNABacteriaMicrobiomeTargeted amplicon sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Human Health and Disease

Background:

  • The human body hosts thousands of unique bacterial species forming complex communities.
  • High-throughput sequencing reveals the microbiome's crucial role in human health and disease.
  • 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing is a common method for bacterial microbiome profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide essential knowledge for conducting microbiome experiments using 16S rDNA sequencing.
  • To guide researchers in applying microbiome profiling to human disease research questions.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on targeted amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene.
  • Discusses experimental design, sample collection, and DNA preparation for human specimens.
  • Details fusion primer design for targeted amplicon sequencing and high-throughput sequencing platform selection.

Main Results:

  • Highlights key considerations for successful microbiome experiment design and execution.
  • Explains the selection of appropriate 16S rDNA targets and sequencing strategies.
  • Reviews fundamental concepts for data analysis and interpretation in microbiome studies.

Conclusions:

  • Empowers researchers with the knowledge to undertake microbiome experiments for human disease research.
  • Emphasizes the importance of careful experimental design and methodology for reliable microbiome profiling.