Nanodiamonds for In Vivo Applications.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Diamonds possess unique optical and physical properties, with nanodiamonds exhibiting distinct characteristics like inertness, surface functionalization, and stable fluorescent defects.
• These fluorescent defects in nanodiamonds are crucial for nanoscale sensing, responding to environmental factors like temperature and magnetic fields without bleaching.
• The review focuses on in vivo applications, necessitating an understanding of nanodiamond synthesis and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the synthesis of diamond materials and their impact on properties relevant to in vivo applications.
• To critically assess existing in vivo biocompatibility studies of nanodiamonds.
• To explore and provide a perspective on current and future in vivo applications of nanodiamonds.

Main Methods:

• Discussion of diamond material synthesis and property correlation.
• Review of in vivo biocompatibility studies.
• Analysis of current in vivo applications including drug delivery, radiology, labeling, and cosmetics.

Main Results:

• Nanodiamonds can be synthesized with controlled size and narrow distribution, offering tunable surface functionalization.
• Stable fluorescent defects within nanodiamonds enable non-bleaching optical properties for sensing and imaging.
• In vivo studies indicate promising biocompatibility, supporting diverse biomedical applications.

Conclusions:

• Nanodiamonds present a versatile platform for various in vivo applications owing to their unique properties and biocompatibility.
• Further research into synthesis optimization and in vivo performance is crucial for clinical translation.
• The field holds significant potential for advancements in drug delivery, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine.