Comparative effects of ethylene inhibitors on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of drought-tolerant wild watermelon
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Genetic Transformation of Narrowleaf Plantain
Published on: March 17, 2023
Goitseone Malambane1,2, Satoko Nonaka3, Hiroshi Shiba3
1a United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan.
Abstract:
Ethylene (C2H4), a phytohormone that is produced in response to both abiotic and biotic stresses, is an important factor influencing the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In this study, effects of various ethylene inhibitors on the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in drought-tolerant wild watermelon was comparatively examined. Consequently, in comparison to the application of chemical inhibitors such as AgNO3 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), lower ethylene level was observed when the infecting Agrobacterium contained a gene for 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (acdS), which cleaves ethylene precursor ACC into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia. GUS histochemical and spectrophotometric enzyme assays showed that acdS was more effective in enhancing gene transfer than the chemical ethylene inhibitors. Efficiency of transgenic shoots formation was higher in acdS- and AVG-treated explants. These observations demonstrated that controlling the ethylene level during co-cultivation and shoot formation, particularly using the acdS-harboring Agrobacterium, is advantageous for enhancing the transformation efficiency in this plant.
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