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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

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Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
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Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

16.4K
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
16.4K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
5.0K
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

5.6K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
5.6K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

4.7K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
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Early Experience with Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Anatomic Segmentectomy.

Fei Yao1, Jian Wang1, Ju Yao1

  • 11 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China .

Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) anatomic segmentectomy is a viable treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ground-glass opacity, offering similar short-term outcomes to VATS lobectomy.

Keywords:
lobectomysegmentectomyvideo-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Anatomic segmentectomy offers potential benefits for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including preserved pulmonary function and reduced complications.
  • Surgical complexity can deter surgeons from performing anatomic segmentectomy.
  • This study compares early experiences with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) anatomic segmentectomy against VATS lobectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and short-term outcomes of VATS anatomic segmentectomy for stage I NSCLC.
  • To compare VATS anatomic segmentectomy with VATS lobectomy in terms of postoperative results.

Main Methods:

  • Forty patients with cT1aN0M0 NSCLC (ground-glass opacity [GGO] rate >50%) underwent VATS segmentectomy.
  • Forty-seven patients with cT1aN0M0 NSCLC (GGO rate ≤50% and pure solid nodule) underwent VATS lobectomy as a control group.
  • Short-term postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Main Results:

  • Tumor size was significantly smaller in the segmentectomy group (0.8 cm vs. 1.4 cm).
  • Operating time, blood loss, chest tube drainage, hospital stay, and morbidity were similar between segmentectomy and lobectomy groups.
  • Lobectomy involved evaluating more lymph nodes (12 vs. 9) and mediastinal nodal stations (3 vs. 3).

Conclusions:

  • VATS anatomic segmentectomy is an acceptable treatment option for cT1aN0M0 NSCLC with a high GGO rate.
  • The procedure demonstrates acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.
  • VATS segmentectomy may be a suitable alternative to lobectomy for select early-stage NSCLC patients.