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Accommodative Function in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Pamela M Anketell1, Kathryn J Saunders2, Stephen M Gallagher3

  • 1Orthoptic Department, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, United Kingdom.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit poorer accommodation and reduced near visual acuity compared to typically developing peers. Visual assessments for ASD should include refractive error and accommodation evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Vision

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1.1-1.5% of children.
  • Accommodative dysfunction is observed in other developmental conditions.
  • Near visual function in ASD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare accommodative accuracy and near visual function in children with ASD versus typically developing controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between refractive error and accommodative function in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed accommodative accuracy using modified Nott dynamic retinoscopy in 124 children with ASD and 204 controls.
  • Calculated accommodative demand and response, incorporating residual refractive error.
  • Measured near visual acuity, convergence, fusional reserves, and stereoacuity.

Main Results:

  • A significantly higher prevalence of clinically significant lag of accommodation was found in the ASD group (17.4%) compared to controls (4.9%).
  • Reduced near visual acuity was associated with accommodative lag in the ASD group.
  • Residual refractive error did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ASD are more prone to accommodative deficits and associated near visual deficits.
  • Comprehensive visual assessment for children with ASD should include evaluation of refractive error and accommodation.