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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Embedding and Sectioning of Xenopus laevis Embryos
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Developmental plasticity: Friend or foe?

Karin B Michels1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental plasticity allows adaptation to environmental changes, potentially impacting health. This concept, central to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), offers survival advantages but may challenge evolutionary principles.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Developmental plasticity enables organisms to adapt to environmental shifts.
  • This adaptation may involve trade-offs, potentially compromising long-term health.
  • It is a key concept within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary implications of developmental plasticity.
  • To contrast developmental plasticity with traditional evolutionary adaptation.
  • To examine the potential mechanisms and inheritance patterns of developmental plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of evolutionary principles.
  • Review of DOHaD literature.
  • Discussion of epigenetic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Developmental plasticity facilitates survival but may favor less fit individuals, challenging evolutionary tenets.
  • Unlike evolutionary adaptation, plasticity's effects are often short-lived and may not be heritable.
  • Epigenetic modifications in utero are potential mechanisms, but their transgenerational inheritance is uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental plasticity is a crucial but complex adaptive mechanism.
  • Its short-term benefits may conflict with long-term evolutionary fitness.
  • Further research into epigenetic inheritance could inform interventions for plasticity outcomes.