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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

157.2K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.9K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Related Experiment Video

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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
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The Human Transcription Factors.

Samuel A Lambert1, Arttu Jolma2, Laura F Campitelli1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Cell
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review explores human transcription factors (TFs) and their DNA binding sites, crucial for genome regulation. Understanding TF binding is key to deciphering gene expression in health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Transcription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences.
  • Precisely determining TF genomic binding sites and their regulatory impact remains a significant challenge in molecular biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for identifying and functionally characterizing human TFs.
  • To examine the relationship between TF binding, DNA motifs, and gene regulation.
  • To highlight the diverse roles of TFs in human physiology and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a catalog of over 1,600 human TFs.
  • Examination of TF binding motifs for a significant portion of these TFs.
  • Review of TF evolutionary trajectories and expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • A substantial catalog of human TFs and their binding motifs has been compiled.
  • Human TFs exhibit diverse evolutionary paths and expression profiles, indicating distinct functional roles.
  • TF binding is fundamental to various aspects of human health, disease, and genetic variation.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research into TF-mediated gene regulation is vital for understanding human biology and disease.
  • Characterizing TF binding and function provides insights into complex regulatory networks.
  • The diversity of TFs underscores their critical and multifaceted roles in the genome.