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Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Dementia.

Seth A Gale¹, Diler Acar¹, Kirk R Daffner¹

¹Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

The American Journal of Medicine

|February 10, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia is a syndrome of cognitive decline impacting daily function, with diverse causes including neurodegeneration and injury. While treatments are advancing, current care focuses on symptom management and improving quality of life for patients.

Keywords:

Clinical care Cognitive impairment Dementia Major neurocognitive disorder Neurodegenerative disease

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Geriatrics
Neuroscience

Background:

Dementia is a syndrome of cognitive decline interfering with daily functioning, not a single disease.
Causes are diverse, including neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's), traumatic brain injury, and tumors.
Multiple conditions can co-occur and contribute to a patient's dementia syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of dementia as a syndrome.
To discuss the varied etiologies of dementia across different age groups.
To highlight current therapeutic approaches and future directions in dementia care.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on dementia.
Synthesis of information regarding causes, clinical presentation, and management.
Discussion of recent advancements in neuroimaging and biomarkers.

Main Results:

Dementia is a syndrome with multifactorial causes, common in the elderly (neurodegenerative) and younger adults (injury, tumors).
Significant progress in neuroimaging and biomarkers has been made.
Disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative dementias are still lacking.

Conclusions:

Current clinical management focuses on alleviating suffering and improving quality of life.
Aggressive treatment of contributing conditions and symptomatic therapies are crucial.
Promoting brain-healthy behaviors is essential for patients and families.