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Related Experiment Video

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C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

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EEG activity during the spatial span task in young men: Differences between short-term and working memory.

Miguel Angel Guevara¹, Edwin Iván Cruz Paniagua¹, Marisela Hernández González¹

¹Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, C.P. 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

|February 10, 2018

Summary

Working memory, unlike short-term memory, showed distinct neurofunctional patterns. The backward spatial span task revealed increased delta band power and reduced fast band synchronization in right prefrontal areas.

Keywords:

EEG Parietal area Prefrontal area Short-term memory Visuospatial task Working memory

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Electrophysiology

Background:

Short-term memory and working memory are related cognitive functions involving prefrontal and parietal brain regions.
The spatial span task, with forward and backward conditions, is used to assess these memory types.
Neurofunctional differences between short-term and working memory remain an area of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate neurofunctional distinctions between short-term memory (forward span) and working memory (backward span) using electroencephalography (EEG).
To identify specific EEG patterns associated with the cognitive demands of each memory task condition.

Main Methods:

Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded from frontopolar, dorsolateral, and parietal areas in young men.
Participants performed the forward (short-term memory) and backward (working memory) conditions of the spatial span task.
Analysis focused on absolute power in delta bands and inter-regional correlations in fast bands (alpha, beta, gamma).

Main Results:

The backward condition (working memory) yielded fewer correct responses compared to the forward condition.
Higher absolute power in the delta band was observed in dorsolateral areas during the backward condition.
Lower correlations in fast bands (alpha, beta, gamma) were found between frontopolar and dorsolateral regions, particularly in the right hemisphere, during backward task performance.

Conclusions:

The forward and backward conditions of the spatial span task exhibit distinct neurofunctional signatures.
Increased delta band power and reduced fast band synchronization in right prefrontal areas during the backward condition suggest greater involvement of these regions in working memory.
These findings highlight the role of attentional and inhibitory processes in working memory, as reflected in prefrontal EEG activity.