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How to control highly endemic hepatitis B in Asia
Shan Shan1, Fuqian Cui2, Jidong Jia1
1Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Summary
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and antiviral therapies have significantly reduced chronic HBV infection and mother-to-child transmission in Asia. Continued efforts aim to eliminate hepatitis B as a public health threat by 2030.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant economic and social burden, particularly in Asian countries with high HBsAg prevalence.
- Early childhood infection and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) are primary routes for chronic HBV carriers in the region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the progress and strategies for controlling HBV in Asia, focusing on China's successful implementation of vaccination and treatment programs.
- To highlight the impact of public health initiatives on reducing HBV prevalence and MTCT.
- To discuss future directions for HBV elimination.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of HBV prevalence data in Asian countries, with a focus on China's vaccination and public health strategies.
- Review of studies on the effectiveness of HBV vaccination, passive-active immunization, and maternal antiviral therapy in preventing MTCT.
- Examination of current treatment guidelines and accessibility of antiviral therapies.
Main Results:
- China's universal infant HBV vaccination program, initiated in 1992, has led to a substantial decrease in HBsAg prevalence, from 9.75% in 1992 to 7.18% in 2006, and further to 2.6% in the <30 years old population by 2014.
- Increased immunization coverage and timely birth doses have significantly interrupted MTCT.
- Maternal antiviral therapy during late pregnancy shows promise in reducing MTCT for mothers with high viral loads.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive HBV control strategies, including vaccination and improved access to antiviral therapies, are effective in reducing HBV prevalence and mortality.
- Continued collaborative efforts are essential to achieve the goal of eliminating hepatitis B as a public health threat by 2030.
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