Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates01:16

Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates

1.8K
Gauss' law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed by that surface. Gauss's law can be applied to find the electric field and the charge enclosed in a region depending on its charge distribution.
Consider a cross-section of a thin, infinite conducting plate having a positive charge. For such a large thin plate, as the thickness of the plate tends to zero, the positive charges lie on the plate's two large faces. Without an external electric field, the...
1.8K
Maximum Deflection01:13

Maximum Deflection

1.1K
When analyzing beams under unsymmetrical loads, such as a train moving on a bridge, it is crucial to accurately determine the points of maximum stress and deflection. The process involves identifying the maximum deflection of the beam, which may not always occur at its midpoint due to the uneven distribution of the load.
The maximum deflection occurs at a specific point, known as point O, where the tangent to the deflection curve is horizontal. To find point O, the slope of the tangent at any...
1.1K
Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

958
Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
958
Maximum Size of Aggregate01:12

Maximum Size of Aggregate

577
The maximum size of aggregate is defined as the aperture of the sieve retaining 15 percent or more of the particles present in the aggregate sample. The aggregate's maximum size impacts the concrete's water requirement, workability, and strength. Larger aggregates reduce the surface area needing cement paste coverage, which can lower water needs, thereby allowing a decrease in the water-to-cement ratio when the desired workability and richness of the mix are to be maintained, which can...
577
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem01:20

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

1.3K
Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.
1.3K
Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability01:23

Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability

627
The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
627

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing background levels of specific conductivity using weight of evidence.

The Science of the total environment·2018
Same author

A field-based model of the relationship between extirpation of salt-intolerant benthic invertebrates and background conductivity.

The Science of the total environment·2018
Same author

A field-based characterization of conductivity in areas of minimal alteration: A case example in the Cascades of northwestern United States.

The Science of the total environment·2018
Same author

A flow-chart for developing water quality criteria from two field-based methods.

The Science of the total environment·2018
Same author

miRNA-548p suppresses hepatitis B virus X protein associated hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating oncoprotein hepatitis B x-interacting protein.

Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology·2015
Same author

ThWRKY4 from Tamarix hispida Can Form Homodimers and Heterodimers and Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses.

International journal of molecular sciences·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Standardizing a Non-Lethal Method for Characterizing the Reproductive Status and Larval Development of Freshwater Mussels Bivalvia: Unionida
07:22

Standardizing a Non-Lethal Method for Characterizing the Reproductive Status and Larval Development of Freshwater Mussels Bivalvia: Unionida

Published on: October 4, 2019

8.2K

Field-based method for evaluating the annual maximum specific conductivity tolerated by freshwater invertebrates.

Susan M Cormier1, Lei Zheng2, Colleen M Flaherty3

  • 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 26 Martin Luther King Dr. W, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|February 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a practical method for deriving acute aquatic toxicity criteria from chronic values and water chemistry variance. This approach, using the criterion maximum exposure concentration (CMEC), offers a feasible alternative to extensive field sampling for water quality assessments.

Keywords:
Aquatic lifeBenthic macroinvertebratesExtirpationIonic mixtureUpper toleranceWater quality criteria

More Related Videos

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM
12:11

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM

Published on: December 31, 2012

38.7K
Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces
10:21

Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces

Published on: July 26, 2016

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Standardizing a Non-Lethal Method for Characterizing the Reproductive Status and Larval Development of Freshwater Mussels Bivalvia: Unionida
07:22

Standardizing a Non-Lethal Method for Characterizing the Reproductive Status and Larval Development of Freshwater Mussels Bivalvia: Unionida

Published on: October 4, 2019

8.2K
Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM
12:11

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM

Published on: December 31, 2012

38.7K
Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces
10:21

Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces

Published on: July 26, 2016

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Water Quality Management

Background:

  • Traditional water quality criteria rely heavily on laboratory toxicity tests for acute and chronic exposure magnitudes.
  • Field-based criteria typically reflect chronic exposures, while field data on acute biological responses to short-term exposures are scarce.
  • Existing methods for deriving acute values from chronic data in the field are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and illustrate a practical field-based method for deriving acute aquatic toxicity criteria from chronic values and water chemistry variance.
  • To assess the biological relevance of the derived acute criterion (CMEC) using salt-intolerant genera.
  • To provide a more feasible alternative to intensive field sampling for establishing water quality criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Derived acute criteria (criterion maximum exposure concentration - CMEC) by estimating an upper limit using temporal variance of pollutant measurements and existing chronic values.
  • Utilized the 90th centile of a standard normal distribution to calculate the CMEC.
  • Applied the method to specific conductivity in a mountainous region and assessed biological relevance against maximum annual exposures for sensitive aquatic organisms.

Main Results:

  • The developed method provides a practical approach to estimate acute aquatic toxicity criteria (CMEC) using readily available water chemistry data and chronic values.
  • The CMEC represents a maximum exposure concentration that 95% of organisms may tolerate without exceeding the chronic criterion.
  • The method demonstrated feasibility and biological relevance when applied to specific conductivity data.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method for deriving acute criteria from chronic values and water chemistry variance is practical and broadly applicable where sufficient temporal data exist.
  • This approach circumvents the impracticality and potential misleading results of frequent, paired biological and chemical field sampling.
  • The methodology holds potential for application to various field-based aquatic toxicity criteria beyond specific conductivity.