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Optimising training adaptations and performance in military environment.

Heikki Kyröläinen1, Kai Pihlainen2, Jani P Vaara3

  • 1Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Finland.

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
|February 12, 2018
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Summary

Military training requires varied stimuli for optimal physical adaptation. Combined endurance and strength training enhances soldier performance, but individualized, periodized programs are crucial for injury prevention and peak fitness.

Keywords:
Body compositionEnduranceSoldierStrength

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Military Science
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Declining youth physical fitness poses recruitment challenges for armed forces.
  • Optimizing physical adaptation and performance through training is vital for military readiness.
  • Maintaining soldier physical performance in diverse environments is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of military training on physical performance.
  • To identify optimal training methods for soldiers.
  • To enhance military readiness through effective physical training.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search using keywords: 'physical performance', 'training', 'military'.
  • Databases searched: MEDLINE and SportDiscus®.
  • Inclusion of additional relevant references.

Main Results:

  • Current military training often involves low-intensity, prolonged activities, potentially limiting strength and aerobic gains.
  • Combined endurance and strength training appears superior for improving overall soldier physical performance.
  • Greater training variation is needed for effective adaptations in maximal strength, power, and aerobic capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Military training programs should incorporate more varied stimuli for enhanced adaptation.
  • Periodization of training load with adequate recovery is essential.
  • Individualized programming is necessary to manage varying initial fitness levels and prevent injuries.