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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

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The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

An Objective and Child-friendly Assessment of Arm Function by Using a 3-D Sensor
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Medical Overtreatment: Friend or Foe?

Nortin M Hadler

    Gerontology
    |February 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Unnecessary medical interventions, termed "overtreatment," are frequently debated in health policy. Examining overtreatment within patient-physician dialogue reveals it is not a foe but a complex challenge in clinical decision-making.

    Keywords:
    BioethicsClinical biasesClinical decision-makingClinical heuristicsClinical judgmentOvertreatment

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Ethics
    • Health Policy Analysis
    • Clinical Decision-Making

    Background:

    • The term "overtreatment" emerged approximately 15 years ago to describe medically or surgically unnecessary interventions.
    • This concept, though old, has become a contentious political term, often used for blame in health policy.
    • The current discourse frames overtreatment as an antagonist in health policy debates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To re-evaluate the concept of overtreatment within the context of patient-physician interactions.
    • To analyze overtreatment, overutilization, and overprescription as challenges in clinical decision-making.
    • To shift the perspective on overtreatment from a policy "foe" to a factor in patient-provider dialogue.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis of the term "overtreatment" and its implications.
    • Examination of the patient-physician dialogue regarding clinical options.
    • Literature review on health policy, medical ethics, and clinical decision-making.

    Main Results:

    • Overtreatment, while a contentious term in policy, is not inherently adversarial in the patient-physician relationship.
    • The evaluation of clinical options by patients involves navigating concepts like overtreatment, overutilization, and overprescription.
    • A nuanced understanding is required to address these issues constructively.

    Conclusions:

    • Reframing overtreatment as a challenge within the patient-physician dialogue is crucial for productive discussion.
    • Addressing overtreatment, overutilization, and overprescription requires a focus on shared decision-making.
    • Moving beyond blame is essential for improving health policy and patient care.