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Related Concept Videos

Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

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In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

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The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction: Link Between Multiple Sclerosis Osteoporosis and Neurodegeneration.

Zohara Sternberg1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1126, USA. zs2@buffalo.edu.

Neuromolecular Medicine
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Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often develop osteoporosis due to impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Addressing ANS dysfunction may improve bone density and slow MS progression, enhancing patient quality of life.

Keywords:
AutonomicBone mass densityBone remodelingClinical morbiditiesInflammatory mediatorsLeptinMigraineMultiple sclerosisNeurodegenerationOsteoporosisVitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with osteoporosis, often attributed to immobility or medications.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a link between cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and reduced bone mass density (BMD) in MS.
  • The complex interplay between MS, ANS function, and bone metabolism warrants further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate regulation of bone homeostasis in the context of multiple sclerosis.
  • To explore the potential role of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in the development of low bone mass density (BMD) in MS patients.
  • To examine the relationship between ANS dysfunction, bone remodeling, and other MS-related comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on MS, ANS function, and bone metabolism.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms by which ANS dysfunction may influence bone remodeling mediators.
  • Correlation of ANS dysfunction and low BMD with MS inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes.

Main Results:

  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is identified as a significant factor potentially contributing to reduced bone mass density (BMD) in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • ANS dysfunction is intricately linked with MS-related inflammation, neurodegeneration, and comorbidities such as depression, fatigue, and migraine.
  • Alterations in neuronal, systemic, and local mediators of bone remodeling are implicated in the MS-osteoporosis relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is a critical, under-recognized factor in the high prevalence of osteoporosis among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  • Targeting ANS dysfunction presents a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate MS-related osteoporosis and potentially slow disease progression.
  • Improving ANS function could significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals living with multiple sclerosis.