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Emerging roles of microRNAs in cancer

Ivan Vannini1, Francesca Fanini1, Muller Fabbri2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Biosciences Laboratory, Unit of Gene Therapy, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) S.r.l. IRCCS, Meldola, FC 47014, Italy.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|February 13, 2018
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in human cancer, influencing oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Recent research highlights their role in the tumor microenvironment, offering new therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression involved in human carcinogenesis.
  • They function via post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA and as ligands for miRceptors.
  • Recent advancements have significantly improved our understanding of miRNA roles in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on microRNA functions in cancer biology.
  • To specifically focus on the role of miRNAs in modulating the tumor microenvironment.
  • To explore miRNAs as cargo in extracellular vesicles and as extracellular miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on microRNAs in cancer.
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression.
  • Investigation of miRNA roles within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are established regulators of key cancer-associated genes.
  • MiRNAs significantly influence the tumor microenvironment.
  • Extracellular vesicles and free miRNAs play roles in intercellular communication within tumors.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are pivotal in cancer development and progression.
  • Targeting miRNAs presents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapeutics.
  • Further research into extracellular miRNAs is crucial for understanding tumor biology and developing treatments.

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