Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
Published on: May 6, 2018
Predictors of poor outcome in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Kirtisudha Mishra1, Sandeep Kumar Kanwal1, Sushma Veeranna Sajjan1
1Kalawati Saran Childrens' Hospital, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi 110001, India.
Background And Objective:
Nearly 50% of the children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) have a frequently relapsing (FR) or steroid dependent (SD) course, experiencing steroid toxicities and complications of immunosuppression. The study aimed to compare parameters between children with infrequent relapsing (IFR) and FR/SD nephrotic syndrome and to identify the factors associated with a FR/SD course.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of medical records from 2009 to 2014, of children with SSNS attending the pediatric nephrology clinic in a tertiary care medical college and hospital.
Results:
Out of 325 children (226 males) with SSNS, 213 were IFR and 112 were FRNS/SDNS. The median age of onset was 34 (IQR 24-48) months. The median time to the first relapse was 4 (IQR 3-7) months and 6 (IQR 4-12) months in FR/SD and IFR group respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed "adequate treatment (≥12 weeks) of the first episode" (odds ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.91; p value=0.02) and "shorter median time to the first relapse" (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.08; p value=0.04) to be independent predictors of FR/SD course. An ROC curve was constructed which showed that time to first relapse <5.5 months was associated with a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 60% in predicting a FR/SD course.
Conclusion:
Adequate treatment of the first episode is associated with less chance of an FR/SD course. After treatment of first episode, the first relapse occurring within 5.5 months may predict a frequently relapsing or steroid dependent course.
Related Concept Videos
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management
Predicting Reaction Outcomes
Outcomes of Glycolysis
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
Guidelines for Writing Outcome
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...

