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Related Concept Videos

Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Acid Strength and Molecular Structure03:05

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

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Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR
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Description of an rf field-strength controller for solid-state NMR experiments.

Gregory Lusk1, Terry Gullion1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
|February 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiofrequency field strength drifts affect Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signal intensity. A new controller stabilizes these fields, improving the reliability of 1H-13C Cross-Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CPMAS) NMR experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Materials Science and Engineering

Background:

  • Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR experiments, particularly 1H-13C Cross-Polarization MAS (CPMAS), can be sensitive to radiofrequency (rf) field strength fluctuations.
  • Inconsistent rf field strengths lead to variations in observed 13C signal intensities over time, compromising data integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of rf field strength drifts on 1H-13C CPMAS NMR experiments.
  • To identify the causes of these rf field strength drifts.
  • To develop and present a method for stabilizing rf field strengths in MAS NMR spectrometers.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of 1H-13C CPMAS NMR experiments to observe signal intensity variations.
  • Investigation into the sources of instability in rf field strengths.
  • Design and implementation of a stand-alone rf field-strength controller.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that 13C signal intensities in 1H-13C CPMAS NMR experiments fluctuate due to rf field strength drifts.
  • Identified the underlying causes contributing to these drifts.
  • Successfully stabilized rf field strengths using a newly developed controller, leading to consistent signal intensities.

Conclusions:

  • RF field strength stability is critical for quantitative MAS NMR.
  • The developed rf field-strength controller effectively mitigates signal variations.
  • This controller is a versatile, easily integrated solution for enhancing the reliability of various MAS NMR spectrometer systems.