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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay
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What can I TIL you? Decoding TCR antigens.

Sarah E Henrickson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Immunology Division, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Science Immunology
|February 13, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new unbiased method to identify peptide antigens recognized by T cell receptors in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This strategy aids in understanding anti-tumor immune responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are crucial for anti-tumor immunity.
  • Identifying the specific peptide antigens recognized by TIL T cell receptors (TCRs) is vital for developing effective cancer immunotherapies.
  • Current methods for antigen identification are often biased or lack comprehensive coverage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel, unbiased strategy for identifying peptide antigens bound by TIL TCRs.
  • To enable a deeper understanding of the T cell-mediated immune response against tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new unbiased screening platform.
  • Utilizing advanced techniques for peptide-TCR interaction analysis.
  • Application of the strategy to identify TIL-recognized antigens in tumor samples.

Main Results:

  • Successful identification of multiple previously unknown peptide antigens presented by tumor cells.
  • Demonstration of the unbiased nature and high sensitivity of the developed strategy.
  • Characterization of the repertoire of peptide antigens targeted by TILs.

Conclusions:

  • The novel unbiased strategy provides a powerful tool for dissecting TIL-TCR interactions.
  • This approach facilitates the discovery of new tumor-associated antigens for immunotherapy development.
  • Understanding TIL antigen recognition is key to advancing personalized cancer vaccines and therapies.