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Host-pathogen metapopulation dynamics suggest high elevation refugia for boreal toads.

Brittany A Mosher1, Larissa L Bailey1, Erin Muths2

  • 1Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|February 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High elevations may offer refuge for boreal toads facing chytridiomycosis, a fungal disease impacting amphibians. Conservation efforts should prioritize these high-elevation sites for boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) reintroductions.

Keywords:
Anaxyrus boreas boreasBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisamphibian declineelevationhost-pathogen dynamicsmultispecies occupancy

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife disease ecology
  • Amphibian conservation biology
  • Pathogen-host dynamics

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases pose a significant threat to wildlife populations globally.
  • Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a major driver of amphibian declines worldwide.
  • Limited landscape-scale research hinders understanding of amphibian-Bd interactions and effective disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing the dynamics of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) at a landscape scale.
  • To identify environmental variables associated with variation in boreal toad population susceptibility to Bd.
  • To inform conservation strategies for boreal toads in the southern Rocky Mountains.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large-scale historical dataset on boreal toad populations.
  • Exploration of potential factors including geographic isolation, amphibian community richness, elevation, and habitat permanence.
  • Statistical modeling to assess extinction risk and recolonization probability in relation to environmental variables.

Main Results:

  • Boreal toad extinction risk was lower at high elevations, potentially due to suboptimal temperatures for Bd.
  • High elevations may act as refuges, with increased likelihood of recolonization after local extinction.
  • Population size and pathogen transmission thresholds may influence local extinction dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • High elevation sites in the southern Rocky Mountains appear to provide a refuge for boreal toads against chytridiomycosis.
  • Conservation strategies, including reintroductions, should prioritize these high-elevation areas.
  • A modeling framework is presented to aid natural resource managers in amphibian-Bd systems.