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Evaluation of two autoinducer-2 quantification methods for application in marine environments.

T-N Wang1, A H Kaksonen2, P-Y Hong1

  • 1Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|February 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study compared two methods for quantifying autoinducer-2 (AI-2) in marine environments. AI-2 was found ubiquitously in seawater and marine biofilms, suggesting a role in biofilm formation.

Keywords:
4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedioneautoinducer-2biofoulingmarine biofilm

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Environmental chemistry
  • Quorum sensing

Background:

  • Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a signaling molecule involved in bacterial communication (quorum sensing).
  • Understanding AI-2 dynamics in marine environments is crucial for ecological studies and managing biofouling and biocorrosion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (HPLC-FLD) and Vibrio harveyi BB170 bioassay for AI-2 quantification in marine samples.
  • To investigate the stability of AI-2 under various environmental conditions (pH, temperature, media).
  • To quantify AI-2 levels in marine water and biofilms.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of HPLC-FLD and V. harveyi BB170 bioassay for AI-2 measurement.
  • AI-2 stability assays under controlled pH and temperature variations.
  • AI-2 quantification in natural seawater and marine biofilm samples.

Main Results:

  • HPLC-FLD demonstrated superior reproducibility and precision over the V. harveyi BB170 bioassay.
  • AI-2 stability was compromised at alkaline pH (>8) and elevated temperatures (>37°C).
  • Low AI-2 concentrations (3.2–27.6 pmol L⁻¹) were detected in seawater, while marine biofilms accumulated significant amounts (approx. 0.207 nmol per 18.8 cm²).

Conclusions:

  • Both HPLC-FLD and V. harveyi BB170 bioassay are viable for AI-2 quantification, each with distinct advantages and limitations.
  • AI-2 is ubiquitously present in both planktonic and biomass fractions of marine environments, including seawater and biofilms.
  • The findings indicate a potential role for AI-2 in marine biofilm formation, contributing to issues like biofouling and biocorrosion.