ERK Inhibition: A New Front in the War against MAPK Pathway-Driven Cancers?

Inna Smalley1, Keiran S M Smalley2,3

  • 1Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.

Cancer Discovery
|February 13, 2018
PubMed

Insights

The ERK inhibitor ulixertinib shows promise for treating various cancers, including those with BRAF or RAS mutations. This first-in-human study found ulixertinib to be well-tolerated and clinically active across diverse tumor types.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • ERK pathway inhibitors offer therapeutic potential for BRAF-mutant, BRAF-MEK inhibitor-resistant, and RAS-mutant tumors.
  • Targeting the ERK pathway is a key strategy in cancer treatment.
  • Understanding the safety and efficacy of novel ERK inhibitors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first-in-human dose-escalation study of the ERK inhibitor ulixertinib.
  • To assess the safety, tolerability, and preliminary clinical activity of ulixertinib.
  • To identify the recommended dose for further clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • A dose-escalation study design was employed.
  • Patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled.
  • Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Ulixertinib was generally well-tolerated across dose levels.
  • Clinical activity was observed in a wide range of tumor types.
  • The study identified a recommended dose for further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Ulixertinib demonstrates a favorable safety profile and promising clinical activity.
  • This ERK inhibitor warrants further investigation in specific cancer populations.
  • Ulixertinib represents a potential new therapeutic option for challenging tumor types.

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
57.4K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
8.6K
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
49.4K
Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
92.9K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
10.0K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
6.0K