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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

18.8K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

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Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.9K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

53.0K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Cluster assemblies as superatomic solids: a first principles study of bonding & electronic structure.

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Superatomic clusters, like doped gold, can be used as building blocks for novel designer materials. Their tunable electronic properties and stability enable the creation of bulk materials with desired characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cluster-based materials offer tunable properties unlike conventional bulk compounds.
  • Superatoms, with their stability and electronic characteristics, are promising building blocks for advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze forces governing interactions in superatomic solids.
  • To investigate how individual cluster properties influence bulk assemblies.
  • To explore the potential of superatoms in creating designer materials.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles analysis of superatomic cluster binary and bulk assemblies.
  • Utilizing the Au13(RS(AuSR)2)6 cluster as a model system with various dopants.
  • Constructing and evaluating superatomic materials based on doped gold clusters, boranes, and C60.

Main Results:

  • Verification that superatoms can form materials with emergent solid-like properties.
  • Identification of factors influencing superatomic materials, including electron affinity (EA), ionization potential (IP), and cluster size.
  • Demonstration of tunable electronic and physical characteristics in cluster assemblies.

Conclusions:

  • Superatomic clusters are viable building blocks for creating designer materials with tailored properties.
  • Understanding cluster properties like EA, IP, and size is crucial for designing superatomic solids.
  • The principles are transferable to other ligand-protected systems with superatomic electron counts.