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Deciphering drought-induced metabolic responses and regulation in developing maize kernels.

Liming Yang1,2,3, Jake C Fountain1,2, Pingsheng Ji2

  • 1USDA-ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA.

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|February 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Drought stress impacts maize kernel development, altering metabolic profiles and increasing aflatoxin contamination. Understanding these changes in drought-tolerant versus sensitive lines offers targets for improving crop resilience.

Keywords:
aflatoxinbiochemical pathwaysdrought stressmaizemetabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Drought stress reduces maize yield and increases aflatoxin contamination.
  • Metabolic profiles of developing maize kernels under drought are not well understood.
  • Contrasting drought and mycotoxin resistance in maize germplasm is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize metabolic changes in developing maize kernels under drought stress.
  • To compare responses between drought-sensitive (B73) and drought-tolerant (Lo964) lines.
  • To identify metabolic pathways involved in drought tolerance and mycotoxin resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Screening for drought tolerance and selecting contrasting maize lines (B73 and Lo964).
  • Applying drought stress at 14 days after pollination and sampling kernels at 7 and 14 days after induction.
  • Utilizing comparative biochemical and metabolomic analyses to profile 409 differentially accumulated metabolites.

Main Results:

  • Drought stress altered metabolite accumulation, increasing sugars and polyunsaturated fatty acids in B73, while Lo964 accumulated sphingolipids, sterols, phenylpropanoids, and dipeptides.
  • Drought-stressed B73 kernels showed higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aflatoxin accumulation compared to Lo964.
  • Metabolic reprogramming involved glutathione and urea cycles, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism for osmoprotection, membrane maintenance, and antioxidant defense.

Conclusions:

  • Field drought stress disrupts normal metabolic programming during maize kernel development, leading to oxidative stress.
  • Metabolic differences correlate with contrasting drought and aflatoxin resistance between maize lines.
  • Identified metabolic pathways and targets can inform biotechnological approaches to enhance maize drought and disease resistance.