Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Routes of Persuasion02:20

Routes of Persuasion

68.8K
Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
68.8K
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

623
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
623
Overcurrent Relays01:26

Overcurrent Relays

554
Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
Instantaneous overcurrent relays activate immediately when the input current exceeds a predetermined value, known as the pickup current, instantly energizing the circuit breaker trip coil. This rapid response is vital for addressing severe faults quickly.
Time-delay overcurrent relays, on the other...
554
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

786
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
786
Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

464
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
464
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

4.6K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Controlled Amine-Borane Dehydropolymerization Enabled by Mechanistic Insight Using the Ir(<sup>t</sup>Bu-POCOP)H<sub>2</sub> Catalyst.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Zwitterionic-to-cationic ruthenium carbazole complexes: structure and selective hydroboration of quinolines and pyridines.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Red Blood Cell-Encapsulated Nanoparticles for Long-Circulating, Improved Specificity Functional MRI.

Chemical & biomedical imaging·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into chemical exchange during the signal amplification by reversible exchange sensitization of pyruvate.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

EXPRESS: Quantitative functional BOLD (qfBOLD): A Combined Gradient-Echo and Spin-Echo Framework for Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF) Mapping with functional MRI.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same author

Single-crystal to single-crystal synthesis of a gold(I)-ammonia complex and H/D exchange <i>in crystallo</i> with D<sub>2</sub>O.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

20.2K

SABRE-Relay: A Versatile Route to Hyperpolarization.

Soumya S Roy1, Kate M Appleby1, Elizabeth J Fear1

  • 1Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|February 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarizes substrates using para-hydrogen. This new method successfully enhances NMR signals in metal complexes, reducing scan times and enabling broader substrate applicability.

More Related Videos

Real-Time Metabolic Detection in Living Cells Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR
09:05

Real-Time Metabolic Detection in Living Cells Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.4K
Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
09:55

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

20.2K
Real-Time Metabolic Detection in Living Cells Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR
09:05

Real-Time Metabolic Detection in Living Cells Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.4K
Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
09:55

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Para-hydrogen (p-H2) possesses unique spin order that can be harnessed for hyperpolarization.
  • Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a technique to transfer spin order from p-H2 to a target molecule.
  • Existing SABRE methods have limitations in the range of substrates that can be effectively hyperpolarized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for hyperpolarizing substrates using p-H2 via a secondary metal complex.
  • To investigate the relay of spin order from p-H2 to substrates and subsequently to a platinum complex.
  • To assess the efficiency of this new approach in enhancing NMR signal intensity and reducing acquisition time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) to activate para-hydrogen.
  • Reversible complexation of hyperpolarized substrates with a platinum complex: [Pt(OTf)2(bis-diphenylphosphinopropane)].
  • Monitoring 31P NMR signal enhancement in the platinum complexes.

Main Results:

  • Successful hyperpolarization of substrates including nicotinamide, nicotinate, niacin, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.
  • Significant enhancement of 31P NMR signals in platinum complexes containing hyperpolarized substrates.
  • A 105-fold signal enhancement for pyrazine, reducing required scan time by 8 hours for equivalent signal-to-noise ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Para-hydrogen derived spin order can be effectively relayed into a second metal complex via a substrate.
  • This novel two-step catalytic approach expands the scope of SABRE hyperpolarization to substrates not amenable to original methods.
  • The technique holds promise for broader applications in NMR spectroscopy and related fields.