Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

10.3K
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
10.3K
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

718
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
718
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

697
The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
697
Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction01:20

Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

6.4K
Amide reduction with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution to form amines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amides yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, respectively.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
6.4K
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

4.8K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
4.8K
Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

5.7K
The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles relieve biochemical dysfunctions of fifth-instar larvae of silkworms following exposure to phoxim insecticide.

Chemosphere·2012
Same author

Mechanisms of prostate atrophy after LHRH antagonist cetrorelix injection: an experimental study in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban·2012
Same author

Simulation and experimental investigation of structural dynamic frequency characteristics control.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2012
Same author

Chronic clomipramine treatment restores hippocampal expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in a rat model of depression.

Journal of affective disorders·2012
Same author

Application of nanoLC-MS/MS to the shotgun proteomic analysis of the nematocyst proteins from jellyfish Stomolophus meleagris.

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences·2012
Same author

Identification of Sare0718 as an alanine-activating adenylation domain in marine actinomycete Salinispora arenicola CNS-205.

PloS one·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
07:48

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions

Published on: June 18, 2020

7.4K

Diamond anvil cell behavior up to 4 Mbar.

Bing Li1,2,3,4, Cheng Ji4,5, Wenge Yang6,4

  • 1Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 201203 Shanghai, China; bingli.001@gmail.com hmao@ciw.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored diamond anvil cell (DAC) behavior up to 400 GPa, observing double cupping of anvils. This study enhances understanding of ultrahigh pressure generation for improved DAC techniques in high-pressure science.

Keywords:
deformationdiamond anvil cellhigh pressure

More Related Videos

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
10:32

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

Published on: April 23, 2021

3.2K
Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source
08:35

Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source

Published on: May 29, 2021

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
07:48

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions

Published on: June 18, 2020

7.4K
Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
10:32

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

Published on: April 23, 2021

3.2K
Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source
08:35

Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source

Published on: May 29, 2021

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Physics

Background:

  • The diamond anvil cell (DAC) is crucial for generating ultrahigh static pressures.
  • DAC technology enables exploration of materials science and geophysics in the multimegabar range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the behavior of conventional diamond anvil cells (DACs) up to their accepted pressure limit of 400 GPa.
  • Understand the mechanisms behind ultrahigh pressure generation within DACs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a submicrometer synchrotron X-ray beam for experimental observation.
  • Analyzed pressure loading, distribution, gasket-thickness variation, and diamond anvil deformation.

Main Results:

  • Observed double cupping of beveled diamond anvils experimentally.
  • Detailed the physical processes occurring within the DAC at extreme pressures.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide insights into the operational limits and deformation of DACs at ultrahigh pressures.
  • This research may lead to improvements in conventional DAC techniques for high-pressure science.