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Developmental coordination disorder, psychopathology and IQ in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Adam C Cunningham1, Sue Delport2, Wendy Cumines2

  • 1MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,Cardiff University School of Medicine,Cardiff,UK.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|February 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have a high prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). DCD is linked to increased symptoms of anxiety, ADHD, and ASD in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a genetic disorder associated with significant neurodevelopmental challenges.
  • The co-occurrence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD), intellectual function, and psychiatric disorders in 22q11.2DS remains understudied.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for comprehensive patient care and intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of DCD in children diagnosed with 22q11.2DS.
  • To investigate the associations between DCD, intelligence quotient (IQ), neurocognition, and psychopathology in this population.
  • To provide clinicians with data to identify and manage coordination difficulties in children with 22q11.2DS.

Main Methods:

  • Neurocognitive assessments and psychiatric interviews were conducted with 70 children with 22q11.2DS and 32 control siblings.
  • Children with 22q11.2DS and indicative DCD underwent further assessment in an occupational therapy clinic.
  • Statistical analyses, including odds ratios and P-values, were used to examine associations.

Main Results:

  • A high prevalence of indicative DCD was observed in 81.4% of children with 22q11.2DS, compared to 6.3% in controls (OR = 36.7, P < 0.001).
  • Poorer coordination correlated with increased symptoms of anxiety, ADHD, and ASD (P < 0.001 for all).
  • Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire scores were related to sustained attention, even after accounting for medical history.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must recognize the elevated risk of coordination difficulties in children with 22q11.2DS.
  • These coordination issues are associated with a higher risk of mental disorders and specific neurocognitive deficits.
  • Early identification and intervention for DCD can potentially mitigate associated psychopathological and cognitive challenges.
Abstract

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