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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem Cells Seen Through the FOXO Lens: An Evolving Paradigm.

Raymond Liang1, Saghi Ghaffari2

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Training Area, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Transcription factors FOXO are vital for stem cell health and tissue regeneration. Understanding their unique roles in stem cells is key to combating age-related diseases linked to stem cell dysfunction.

Keywords:
AgingESCEmbryonic stem cellFOXO transcription factorsFOXO3HSCLeukemic stem cellsLongevityMetabolismMitochondriaMuscle satellite cellsNeural stem cellsROSStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Aging research
  • Molecular regulation

Background:

  • Stem cells are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration, with health declining with age.
  • Transcription factors FOXO are known regulators of healthy aging and have emerged as key players in stem cell homeostasis.
  • Dysfunctional FOXO activity is linked to various age-related diseases, often involving abnormal stem cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the distinct regulatory mechanisms and functions of FOXO transcription factors in stem cells.
  • To differentiate FOXO's role in stem cells from its function in progenitor cells and cell lines.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding FOXO in stem cells for combating age-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on FOXO transcription factors and stem cell biology.
  • Comparative analysis of FOXO functions in different cell types (stem cells, progenitor cells, cell lines).
  • Discussion of implications for age-related diseases.

Main Results:

  • FOXO regulatory mechanisms and functions in stem cells exhibit unique properties distinct from other cell populations.
  • These unique properties are critical for maintaining stem cell health and tissue regeneration.
  • Aberrant FOXO activity in stem cells contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related disorders.

Conclusions:

  • FOXO transcription factors play a specialized and critical role in stem cell regulation.
  • Elucidating FOXO's precise functions in stem cells is essential for developing therapeutic strategies against age-related diseases.
  • Targeting aberrant FOXO mechanisms in stem cells may offer new avenues for treating stem cell-derived diseases associated with aging.