Three dimensionally printed bioactive ceramic scaffold osseoconduction across critical-sized mandibular defects
Christopher D Lopez1, J Rodrigo Diaz-Siso2, Lukasz Witek3
1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Biomaterials & Biomimetics, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, New York; Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
The Journal of Surgical Research
|February 14, 2018
Summary
3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds show promise for reconstructing large mandibular defects, achieving bone regeneration levels comparable to native bone in a rabbit model. This offers a potential alternative to traditional vascularized bone grafts.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Background:
- Vascularized bone grafting for mandibular defects presents challenges including long surgery times and donor site morbidity.
- 3D-printed osseoconductive scaffolds offer a potential alternative for reconstructing significant mandibular defects.
- This study introduces a novel 3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffold for mandibular defect repair.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of a 3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffold in repairing critical-sized mandibular defects.
- To assess bone regeneration within the scaffold in a rabbit model.
- To compare the regenerative capacity of the scaffold to native bone.
Main Methods:
- Full-thickness mandibular defects (12 mm) were created in adult rabbits.
- Defects were reconstructed using 3D-printed scaffolds made of 100% β-tricalcium phosphate, tailored to defect geometry via CT imaging.
- Bone regeneration was assessed after 8 weeks using histology, backscatter scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography.
Main Results:
- Histology revealed newly formed bone occupied 54.3% of the scaffold area, comparable to native bone (55.8%).
- 3D volume analysis showed newly formed bone occupied 36.3% of the defect volume, similar to native bone (33.4%).
- Scaffold free space showed bone occupancy of 52.8% by area and 38.0% by volume.
Conclusions:
- 3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds effectively restore critical-sized mandibular defects.
- The regenerated bone levels within the scaffold approach those of native bone after 8 weeks.
- This technology presents a viable alternative for mandibular reconstruction in a rabbit model.
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