Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026
Orthotopic Implantation of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in Mice Recapitulates Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Published on: February 10, 2023
Surgical and Oncological Outcomes in Patients After Vascularised Flap Reconstruction for Locoregionally Advanced
Sarah R Ottenhof1, Andrew Leone2, Rosa S Djajadiningrat1
1Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Background:
Treatment of locoregionally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (LAPSCC) is challenging. The exact role (in terms of oncological benefit) of extensive surgery is not well established. Moreover, surgery invariably leads to large defects requiring reconstructive surgery. Rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) and abdominal advancement flaps have an independent and constant blood supply, are easily harvested, and provide substantial skin coverage and soft tissue.
Objective:
To determine the surgical and oncological outcomes in patients with LAPSCC undergoing surgical resection with RAM flaps.
Design, Setting, And Participants:
From 2002 to 2016, a multi-institutional database identified 15 LAPSCC patients undergoing flap reconstructions.
Intervention:
Local surgical resection with RAM or abdominal advancement flap reconstruction.
Outcome Measurements And Statistical Analysis:
Perioperative and pathologic data were collected. Postoperative complications were identified using the Clavien-Dindo classification for surgical complications.
Results And Limitations:
Fifteen patients (median age 61 yr) were treated, ten with curative intent. Thirteen patients received induction chemotherapy. Thirteen of the 15 patients (87%) experienced wound complications, including five Clavien-Dindo grade III complications. In 11/15 patients (73%), the disease recurred (median recurrence-free interval 106 d). The majority of recurrences (91%) were locoregional, and in four cases the patient also had lesions in distant organs. Ten of the 15 patients (67%) died of their disease. The overall median follow-up interval was 10.5 mo. The study was limited by its retrospective design, the absence of quality-of-life measurements, and the cohort size.
Conclusions:
The results of this study show that surgical resection with reconstruction is associated with a risk of perioperative complications, including high-grade Clavien-Dindo complications. With a cure rate of 27%, surgery must be carefully considered and there is a need for alternative treatments. Lack of robust quality-of-life-data is also a serious shortcoming in the decision process for this patient category.
Patient Summary:
Surgery in locoregionally advanced penile cancer has a low cure rate. Reconstruction of defects is surgically feasible, albeit with a high risk of complications. Furthermore, decision-making lacks robust data on quality of life after surgery.
Related Concept Videos
02:24Predicting Reaction Outcomes
01:13Outcomes of Glycolysis
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
01:11Guidelines for Writing Outcome
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
02:22Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
00:56Extraction: Advanced Methods
01:10Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation