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A new high-resolution 3-D quantitative method for analysing small morphological features: an example using a Cambrian

Jorge Esteve1, Yuan-Long Zhao2, Miguel Ángel Maté-González3,4

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This study introduces a non-destructive optical surface roughness (OSR) method for analyzing small fossil features. The technique quantifies preservation variations in trilobite fossils, revealing insights into taphonomic processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Geology
  • Morphology

Background:

  • Taphonomic processes significantly impact the preservation of micro-morphological features in fossils.
  • Analyzing small features like granulation or pits is challenging due to specimen size and destructive analysis methods.
  • Preserving unique specimens like holotypes or lectotypes requires non-destructive analytical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, non-destructive method for analyzing small morphological features in fossils.
  • To quantitatively assess preservation variations in trilobite fossils using geometric morphometric methods.
  • To investigate the influence of taphonomic processes on the preservation of cranidial features in *Oryctocephalus indicus*.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an optical surface roughness (OSR) meter to generate high-resolution three-dimensional digital-elevation models (DEMs).
  • Applied geometric morphometric methods (GMM) for quantitative analysis of DEMs.
  • Analyzed DEMs from three populations of *Oryctocephalus indicus* differing in transglabellar furrow presence.

Main Results:

  • Profile analysis of DEMs indicated similar preservation variations in glabellar furrows and lobes across all three populations.
  • GMM analysis revealed that all populations exhibited comparable ranges of variation.
  • Preservation differences were attributed to varying degrees of cementation and dissolution rates.

Conclusions:

  • Fast cementation positively influences the preservation of glabellar furrows and lobes.
  • Rapid dissolution negatively impacts the preservation of these delicate fossil structures.
  • The OSR technique provides a valuable non-destructive approach for studying micro-morphological features in fossils.