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Pediatric sarcomas
Junhua Cao1, Qi An1, Lei Wang1
1Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.
Insights
Pediatric sarcomas, rare but aggressive cancers, include rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pediatric Medicine
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Sarcomas originate from primitive mesenchymal cells, categorized into bone and soft tissue types.
- While rare overall (1% of malignancies), pediatric sarcomas are significant, comprising 13% of childhood cancers and ranking third in incidence.
- Key types in children include rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma, known for aggressive behavior and metastatic potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest literature on common pediatric sarcomas worldwide.
- To discuss the epidemiology, aggressive nature, current management strategies, and emerging therapeutic approaches for pediatric sarcomas.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of major electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed).
- Focus on recent publications regarding pediatric sarcomas.
- Synthesis of information on incidence, behavior, treatment, and novel therapeutic avenues.
Main Results:
- Pediatric sarcomas are relatively rare but represent a significant proportion of childhood cancers.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma are the most common types, exhibiting aggressive behavior and metastasis.
- Current treatments (surgery and chemotherapy) achieve a 70% 5-year success rate, but advanced stages have poor prognoses.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric sarcomas require effective management due to their aggressive nature and potential for recurrence.
- Cancer stem cell utilization presents a promising new approach for managing these challenging pediatric malignancies.
- Continued research and review are crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric sarcoma patients.
Abstract:
Sarcomas arise from primitive mesenchymal cells, which are classified, into two main groups: Bone and soft tissue sarcomas. We have searched all-important electronic databases including Google scholar and PubMed for the collection of latest literature pertaining to pediatric sarcomas. Latest literature confirmed that these tumors are relatively rare and represent only 1% of all malignancies but they have higher incidence in children. Pediatric sarcomas comprise about 13% of all pediatric malignancies and are ranked third in childhood cancers. The highest incidence rates are reported among rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcomas in children. All of these neoplasms often display highly aggressive behavior with tendency to form metastases. Important globally used management avenues include surgery with systemic chemotherapy and have success rate of 70% at 5-years. Furthermore, in the cases of advanced stages, the prognosis is poor, chances of treatment failure and recurrence are quite high. Utilization of cancer stem cells is the latest approach with great potential in management of above pathological state. The present review article discuss all-important aspects of commonly found pediatric sarcomas throughout the world.
