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Related Concept Videos

Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

294
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
294
Average Acceleration01:30

Average Acceleration

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The importance of understanding acceleration spans our day-to-day experiences, as well as the vast reaches of outer space and the tiny world of subatomic physics. In everyday conversation, to accelerate means to speed up. For instance, we are familiar with the acceleration of our car; the harder we apply our foot to the gas pedal, the faster we accelerate. The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Acceleration is widely seen in experimental physics. In...
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Instantaneous Acceleration01:16

Instantaneous Acceleration

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Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, but it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. Although commonly referred to as deceleration, this causes confusion in our analysis as deceleration is not a vector, and does not point to a specific direction with respect to a coordinate system. Therefore, the term deceleration is not used. For example, when a subway train slows down, it...
23.4K
Acceleration Vectors01:30

Acceleration Vectors

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In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, Δv, therefore the greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Since velocity is a vector, it can change in magnitude, direction, or both. Thus acceleration is a change in speed or direction, or both. For example, if a runner traveling at 10 km/h due east slows to a stop, reverses direction, and continues their run at 10 km/h...
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Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

2.3K
When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models
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Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models

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Osteosarcoma: Accelerating Progress Makes for a Hopeful Future.

Amanda J Saraf1, Joelle M Fenger2, Ryan D Roberts3

  • 1Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.

Frontiers in Oncology
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteosarcoma treatment has not improved since the 1970s, with current therapies and clinical trials yielding disappointing results. Further research into osteosarcoma biology and metastasis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Keywords:
chemotherapydrug developmentimmunotherapy of cancermetastasisosteosarcomapediatric oncologyresistance

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Cancer Genetics
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma treatment has seen minimal improvement since the 1970s, with outcomes remaining largely unchanged.
  • Despite collaborative efforts, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory therapies have yielded disappointing results, highlighting the need for novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of osteosarcoma biology, genetic landscape, and therapeutic challenges.
  • To explore potential avenues for improving osteosarcoma treatment, including metastasis research and innovative drug development strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent advances in osteosarcoma genetic profiling, identifying key biological pathways.
  • Review of clinical trial outcomes for targeted agents and immunotherapeutics.
  • Examination of research into osteosarcoma metastasis and chemoresistance.

Main Results:

  • Osteosarcoma is characterized by profound chromosomal disruption, significant heterogeneity, and few recurrent mutations, with p53 and Rb inactivation being common.
  • Targeted agents and immunotherapeutics have shown limited success in clinical studies.
  • Lung metastasis is a common, chemoresistant complication, necessitating further research into its biology.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the basic biology and genetic underpinnings of osteosarcoma is critical for developing new therapies.
  • Further research into metastasis and the exploration of veterinary clinical studies may accelerate drug development for osteosarcoma.
  • Collaborative, interdisciplinary efforts are essential for transformative advancements in osteosarcoma treatment.