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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

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Performance in complex motor tasks deteriorates in hyperthermic humans.

Jacob F Piil1, Jesper Lundbye-Jensen1, Steven J Trangmar2

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Temperature (Austin, Tex.)
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Heat stress impairs complex motor skills, especially when tasks are combined. Simple motor and cognitive tasks are less affected by elevated body temperature from heat exposure.

Keywords:
cognitioncognitive testcore temperatureheat strainheat stresshyperthermiamotor performancetask complexityvisuo-motor tracking

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Human Performance
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Heat stress significantly impacts physical and cognitive functions in real-world settings.
  • Laboratory findings on heat's effect on cognitive tasks are inconsistent, particularly for decision-making.
  • Task complexity may explain discrepancies in heat stress effects on cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of heat stress and exercise-induced hyperthermia on tasks of varying complexity.
  • To differentiate the effects of passive heat exposure versus exercise-induced hyperthermia.
  • To assess performance in simple motor, complex motor, simple cognitive, and combined motor-cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Ten male subjects underwent separate and multipart protocols in heat (40°C) and control (20°C) conditions.
  • Tasks included simple motor (TARGET_pinch), complex motor (Visuo-motor tracking), simple math (MATH_type), and combined motor-math (MATH_pinch).
  • Performance was measured at baseline and after exercise-induced hyperthermia (core temperature ~39.5°C).

Main Results:

  • Exercise-induced hyperthermia significantly reduced visuo-motor tracking performance by 10.7% in the multipart protocol and 4.4% in the separate protocol.
  • TARGET_pinch precision decreased by 2.6% following hyperthermia.
  • Math tasks (MATH_type and MATH_pinch) showed no significant performance changes due to heat or hyperthermia.

Conclusions:

  • Passive heat exposure or mild hyperthermia has minimal impact on simple motor or cognitive performance.
  • Complex motor performance, particularly visuo-motor tracking, is impaired by exercise-induced hyperthermia.
  • Combining multiple tasks exacerbates performance decrements under hyperthermic conditions, highlighting the importance of task complexity.