Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord and Fetal Placenta
07:06

Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord and Fetal Placenta

Published on: April 3, 2017

49.0K

Characterization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with lymphoid tissue organizer cell potential in tonsils from

Alejandro Prados1,2, Raquel Muñoz-Fernández1,2, Pablo Fernandez-Rubio1,2

  • 1Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.

European Journal of Immunology
|February 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Tonsil stromal cells (TSCs) in children function as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and differentiate into lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo)-like cells. These findings suggest LTo-like cells may exist in human adults.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells are embryonic precursors to secondary lymphoid organ stromal cells.
  • The presence of LTo cells in adult humans remains uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether tonsil stromal cells (TSCs) from children exhibit characteristics of LTo cells.
  • To determine if TSCs meet the criteria for human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and culture of 15 TSC lines from pediatric tonsil tissue.
  • Analysis of cell surface antigen phenotype using flow cytometry and RT-PCR.
  • Assessment of differentiation capacity into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes.
  • Evaluation of chemokine, cytokine, and adhesion molecule expression.

Main Results:

  • TSC lines met International Society for Cellular Therapy criteria for MSCs.
  • TSCs expressed LTo cell-associated markers (CCL19, CCL21, CXCL13, TRANCE, IL-7, ICAM-1, MadCAM-1, VCAM-1).
  • Lymphotoxin (LT)α1β2 and TNF upregulated LTo cell-associated markers and functions in TSCs.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric TSCs are MSCs capable of differentiating into LTo-like cells.
  • Cytokine stimulation (LTα1β2, TNF) promotes LTo-like cell differentiation in TSCs.
  • This suggests a potential role for LTo-like cells in adult secondary lymphoid tissues.

Keywords:
CytokinesDevelopmental immunologyMesenchymal stem cellsSecondary lymphoid organsTonsils

More Related Videos

Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta Tissue12:40

Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta Tissue

Published on: June 6, 2016

38.2K
Technique for Obtaining Mesenchymal Stem Cell from Adipose Tissue and Stromal Vascular Fraction Characterization in Long-Term Cryopreservation05:57

Technique for Obtaining Mesenchymal Stem Cell from Adipose Tissue and Stromal Vascular Fraction Characterization in Long-Term Cryopreservation

Published on: December 30, 2021

4.0K

Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
3.4K
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
5.7K
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
16.0K
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
9.7K
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
2.1K
Cell Potential and Free Energy02:58

Cell Potential and Free Energy

Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Thus, a link can be predicted between cell potential, free energy change, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Cell potential can also be measured as the oxidant or the reducing strength, and similar acid-base strength measures are reflected in equilibrium...
46.8K