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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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Amnesic patients have residual prospective memory capacities.

Beat Meier1, Severin Fanger1, Giannina Toller1

  • 1a Institute of Psychology , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.

The Clinical Neuropsychologist
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Amnesic patients can learn habitual prospective memory tasks with immediate feedback. Even after 24 hours, a single reminder significantly improved their performance, showing residual memory capacities.

Keywords:
Intention memoryfeedback learninghabitual memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Severe memory impairment in amnesic patients poses challenges for prospective memory.
  • Habitual prospective memory tasks require remembering to perform an action in the future.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if amnesic patients can learn habitual prospective memory tasks with immediate feedback.
  • To determine if amnesic patients benefit from prior performance after a 24-hour interval.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies embedded prospective memory tasks within other cognitive tasks (lexical decision, perceptual discrimination).
  • Immediate feedback on failures served as a reminder.
  • Study 2 included a 24-hour retest without initial feedback.

Main Results:

  • Amnesic patients improved with feedback in Study 1.
  • Study 2 showed initial impairment but performance recovered with a single reminder.
  • Performance in Study 2 after a reminder matched later performance from Study 1.

Conclusions:

  • Amnesic patients possess residual prospective memory abilities.
  • Immediate feedback is an effective strategy to enhance prospective memory in amnesic patients.