Related Experiment Videos
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty after thrombolytic therapy: a prospective controlled randomized trial
Insights
Combined thrombolytic therapy and mechanical recanalization effectively increased coronary reperfusion rates in acute myocardial infarction patients. This approach improved infarct outcomes and reduced reocclusion, offering a path to full revascularization.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment
Background:
- Acute transmural myocardial infarction requires prompt restoration of coronary blood flow.
- Thrombolytic therapy alone may have limitations in achieving complete reperfusion.
- Mechanical interventions are explored to enhance recanalization rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of combined intravenous and intracoronary thrombolysis with mechanical recanalization in acute myocardial infarction.
- To compare outcomes between different mechanical recanalization methods (3F vs. 4F catheter).
- To assess the impact of angioplasty following mechanical recanalization on reocclusion and ventricular function.
Main Methods:
- 162 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction received combined thrombolytic therapy.
- Vessels remaining occluded underwent mechanical recanalization using either a 3F (Group I) or 4F Grüntzig balloon catheter (Group II).
- Superselective intracoronary streptokinase was administered post-reperfusion; angioplasty was performed in Group II post-thrombolysis.
Main Results:
- Final reperfusion rates were high in both groups (90% in Group I, 86% in Group II).
- Angioplasty in Group II successfully reduced coronary stenosis (from 82% to 51%) with a low occlusion rate (3%).
- Reocclusion rates were 20% in Group I and 14% in Group II; successful angioplasty further reduced reocclusion to 7%.
Conclusions:
- Combined medical and mechanical recanalization significantly increases coronary reperfusion rates in acute myocardial infarction.
- Angioplasty following mechanical recanalization can achieve full revascularization, improve regional wall motion, and reduce reocclusion.
- This combined strategy offers a promising approach for managing acute myocardial infarction.
Abstract:
In 162 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction, combined intravenous and intracoronary thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase was initiated. In vessels that remained occluded, mechanical recanalization was performed with a 3F recanalization catheter (group I, n = 79) or a 4F Grüntzig balloon catheter (group II, n = 83). After reperfusion, intracoronary streptokinase was administered superselectively. After termination of streptokinase infusion, angioplasty was performed only in patients in group II. There was no difference between the groups in relation to sex, age, infarct location, creatine kinase levels and time between onset of symptoms and start of treatment. Initial coronary angiography showed an open vessel in 27 (34%) of 79 patients in group I and 21 (25%) of 83 patients in group II. The final reperfusion rate was 90% (71 of 79) in group I and 86% (71 of 83) in group II. Angioplasty was attempted in 69 of the 71 patients in group II with a success rate of 65% and an occlusion rate of 3%. During the hospital stay, reocclusion occurred in 14 (20%) of 71 patients in group I. After thrombolytic therapy, coronary luminal narrowing in group I was 75 +/- 17% in patients without and 87 +/- 6% in patients with reocclusion (p less than 0.05). In group II, reocclusion was found in 10 (14%) of 71 patients. After angioplasty, the degree of coronary stenosis in group II was reduced from 82 +/- 12 to 51 +/- 30% (p less than 0.001). Reocclusion was found in 3 (7%) of the 45 patients with successful angioplasty and in 7 (32%) of the 22 patients with unsuccessful angioplasty (p less than 0.01). Improvement in regional left ventricular function was observed only in patients from group II with anterior myocardial infarction. In conclusion, by combined medical and mechanical recanalization, the rate of coronary reperfusion can be increased and infarct time shortened, providing the possibility of full revascularization by angioplasty, with improvement of regional wall motion and reduction of the rate of reocclusion.